Figure 23. Heavy rains contribute to floods and landslides, which may occur many kilometers inland. its rotation (t/f), The main cause of the sea breeze is the unequal heating of land and water. These dust storms are often associated with dry, low-pressure areas and a lack of tropical storms.DoldrumsThe place where trade winds of the two hemispheres meet is called the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). In fact, the low-pressure doldrums are created as the sun heats the equatorial region and causes air masses to rise and travel north and south. T/F: If pressure gradient was the only force acting on the air, it would move in a curved path. To prepare butane-2-one, which of these compounds would you oxidize: propan-2-ol, butan-1-ol, butan-2ol, or 2-methyl propane-2-ol? The cause of the clockwise spiraling motion is: Identify the choice above that represents high pressure center in the Southern Hemisphere. This figure demonstrates how the wind moves at the surface as it related to Hadley cell circulation. Polar easterlies flow to low-pressure areas in sub-polar regions.WesterliesWesterlies are prevailing winds that blow from the west at midlatitudes. The pressure-gradient force (PGF) is a vector which points from higher pressure to lower pressure while crossing isobars at a right angle. T/F:The inventor of the mercury barometer was Sir Francis Bacon. Although sophisticated meteorological equipment was not available at that time, winds may have reached 320 kph (200 mph) as the hurricane hit Barbados and other islands in the Caribbean Sea. Winds generally blow from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas.The boundary between these two areas is called a front. Who are the experts? Which type of meteorological instrument is used to collect the necessary data for the production of upper-level weather charts? The cause of the clockwise spiraling motion is: If the winds are in front of the plane, pushing it back, they are called headwinds. Generally, prevailing winds blow east-west rather than north-south. are not influenced. T/F:Horizontal wind motion can help cause vertical air motion. As the Sun unevenly heats the surface of the Earth, air rises and sinks, resulting in high and low regions of air pressure. Which option above is generally associated with "fair" weather? These pressure variations are often caused by: Circulations in the earth's atmosphere are fundamentally caused by: temperature contrasts between different locations. Riding with jet streams saves time and fuel. The massive 1883 eruption of Krakatoa, an island volcano in Indonesia, had even more dramatic atmospheric results. Wind carries heat, moisture, pollutants, and pollen to new areas.Many daily weather patterns depend on wind. Gases move from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas. A) horizontal airplane flight of 200 miles Santa Anas are often responsible for spreading Southern Californias destructive wildfires, earning them the nickname murder winds.sirocco: wind that reaches hurricane speeds as it crosses the Mediterranean Sea to southern Europe. 25 Q The pressure gradient force is directed from higher to lower pressure: A Coastal communities are usually much cooler than their inland neighbors. According to researchers at University of Colorado Denver, what was the most important factor in the high number of home runs at Coors Field? What is a limitation of an altimeter that pilots must account for? The complex relationships between fronts cause different types of wind and weather patterns.Prevailing winds are winds that blow from a single direction over a specific area of the Earth. The Earth's rotation prevents that flow from being direct, but deflects it side to side (right in the Northern Hemisphere and. (t/f), An isobar is a line connecting points of equal humidity. Damage to buildings, vehicles, roads, and shipping facilities is estimated at about $133.8 billion (adjusted for inflation). Driven by westerlies, the powerful Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) rushes around the continent (from west to east) at about 4 kilometers per hour (2.5 miles per hour). Which type of meteorological instrument is used to collect the necessary data for the production of upper-level weather charts? The Coriolis effect occurs because of this characteristic of the earth: A plane takes off from City A headed for City B, located directly to the north. 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Pressure gradient force is the primary force influencing the formation of wind from local to global scales. The primary force which causes ALL winds is: A pressure gradient force. Unit 1: Fresh Water: Scarcity or Surfeit? More than 20,000 people died as a result of the hurricane as it made its way across Barbados, St. Lucia, Martinique, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Dominican Republic, Bahamas, Turks and Caicos, and Bermuda. The Coriolis effect is important only for motions that: With respect to the Coriolis force, which association is NOT correct? This can be done with compass directions (ie, a north wind is one that is blowing from the north to the south) or with a degree scale where N=0, E=90, S=180, and W=270. The best explanation for the cause of atmospheric pressure is: The National Weather Service measures air pressure in the unit of a millibar, which is equivalent to: If the National Weather Service converted to the metric system, they would most likely report air pressure in which units? Do strangers sit next to each other when there are plenty of open seats? (This warm, low-pressure equatorial wind descends again around the horse latitudes. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. Debris, such as signs, roofing material, siding and small items left outside become flying missiles during hurricanes. But, because it does rotate, the rotation of the Earth leads to the Coriolis effect. If the disturbance lasts for more than 24 hours and gets to speeds of 61 kph (38 mph), it becomes known as a tropical depression.When a tropical depression speeds up to 63-117 kph (39-73 mph), it is known as a tropical storm, and is given a name. The Great Blizzard resulted in 400 deaths and $1.2 billion in damage.MonsoonA monsoon is a seasonal change in the prevailing wind system of an area. The Gulf Stream brings warm water from the Gulf of Mexico up the East Coast of North America and across the Atlantic to Northern Europe. Horizontal variations in air pressure cause a force which makes the wind blow. Wave action The primary cause of erosion along a coastline is by wave action. no cloud development, you would expect vertical airflow in an anti cyclone to result in In areas of high pressure, the gases in the air are more crowded. T/F:The primary cause of wind is not atmospheric pressure but atmospheric pressure differences. Age of SailThe ability of ships to sail with powerful trade winds helped determine the political and engineering history of the Age of Exploration, sometimes nicknamed the Age of Sail. Seeds are carried by the wind to distant or nearby places, increasing the spread of the plants genetics. T/F: An elongated region of low pressure is called a ridge. Their formation is identical to hurricanes and cyclones. Figure 25. A) horizontal airplane flight of 200 miles, B) balloon ascent from sea level to 3 miles, C) travel from center of a low pressure system to center of a high pressure system, D) difference between the highest and lowest recorded pressure at any one weather station. the primary force which causes all winds is: centrifugal force coriolis effect inertia force pressure gradient force. B) false, but only near the poles In low pressure zones, the gases are a little more spread out. T/F:The main cause of the sea breeze is the unequal heating of land and water. D) deflection always at a 90 degree angle to the direction of air flow, C) Low wind speeds strongest deflection. Cyclone: air blows in towards the center with a clockwise rotation (S. Hemisphere) or a counter-clockwise rotation (N. Hemisphere). The air will be still one day, and the next, powerful gusts of wind can knock down trees. T/F: As seen by an observer on Earth, the Coriolis effect is an illusion; no deflection can actually be measured. Wind is always named for the direction from which it is blowing. How does friction act to change the direction of the wind near the earth's surface? starting the air motion, which of the influences the magnitude of the coriolis force: Name the three forces that act to cause the motion of air. Wind is a part of weather we experience all the time, but why does it actually happen? Currents are cohesive streams of seawater that circulate through the ocean. This change in the doldrums disturbs the usual air pressure, creating the moisture-laden Southeast Asian monsoon.Results of WindWind traveling at different speeds, different altitudes, and over water or land can cause different types of patterns and storms.Jet StreamsJet streams are geostrophic winds that form near the boundaries of air masses with different temperatures and humidity. Ships relied on trade winds to establish quick, reliable routes across the vast Atlantic and, later, Pacific Oceans. The effect of friction on the wind directly and/or indirectly alters its: B) are generally faster than surface winds. She or he will best know the preferred format. The pressure gradient force (Pgf) is a force that tries to equalize pressure differences. The wind is a result of forces acting on the atmosphere: 1. It probably has to do with the combination of "the conservation of angular momentum" and centrifugal force. In Aztec mythology, the four wind gods were Mictlanpachecatl (north wind), Tlalocayotl (east wind), Vitztlampaehecatl (south wind), and Cihuatecayotl (west wind).Other mythologies recognize one supreme god of the wind: Enlil of Sumeria, Amun in ancient Egypt, Fujin in Japan's Shinto culture, Fei Lan of ancient China, and Vayu, the Hindu god of wind. They are fed by polar easterlies and winds from the high-pressure horse latitudes, which sandwich them on either side. Winds carried volcanic ash and debris high in the atmosphere across the globe. Pressure gradient force, Coriolis and friction. T/F:Cyclones are characterized by converging surface winds and rising air. Divergence in the atmosphere is best defined as: Which of the following has the smallest impact on winds? Horizontal variations in air pressure cause a force which makes the wind blow. The rotation of the Earth and its uneven heating by the sun also contribute to the formation of high-altitude jet streams.These strong, fast winds in the upper atmosphere can blow 480 kph (298 mph). The pressure gradient force is a major force in the air of the earth's atmosphere. More than 300,000 people died, and more than a million were made homeless. pressure gradient force. At what elevation will condensation begin inside the parcel? It is not, however, any windier than most other cities.The nickname most likely came from Chicagos relationship with Cincinnati, Ohio, in the 19th century. T/F:If the pressure at sea level were 1020 millibars, it would be considered higher than average. This figure shows all six cells diagrammatically, along with the pressure variations at the surface of the Earth and zones of typical wet and dry belts. C) travel from center of a low pressure system to center of a high pressure system Air would travel immediately from high to low pressure, which is the basic factor that creates all winds. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. Jupiters famous Great Red Spot is actually a centuries-old hurricane-like storm, swirling at around 644 kph (400 mph). convergence aloft (t/f), Friction at the surface results in a stronger Coriolis force. C) wind speed Cyclone winds devastated fishing villages, and storm surges drowned crops. Friction reduces the speed so Coriolis is weakened. The pressure decreases with height. divergence aloft Slows the wind speed, and in so doing, also reduces the Coriolis deflection. Monsoons are part of a yearlong cycle of uneven heating and cooling of tropical and mid-latitude coastal regions. Describe the surface wind direction and the winds aloft direction for the Northern Hemisphere on a The primary force which causes ALL winds is: Neglecting friction, the speed and direction of the horizontal wind are determined by: The pressure gradient force is directed from higher to lower pressure: change in pressure along a horizontal surface. They always blow from cold, high-pressure regions. Choose the term that does not belong in the following group, and explain why it does not belong: book lung, trachea, spiracle, and green gland. Jet streams blow through a layer of the atmosphere called the stratosphere, at altitudes of 8 to 14 kilometers (5 to 9 miles) above Earths surface.There is little turbulence in the stratosphere, which is why commercial airline pilots like to fly in this layer. AnemoiDeities representing the winds play an important role in mythologies around the world. The Loo is such a powerful ecological and cultural force that ice creams and sherbets are consumed to combat Loo-induced fatigue.November witch: hurricane-force winds that develop as cold Arctic air masses meet warm air from the Gulf over the Great Lakes.Pembrokeshire Dangler: area where prevailing winds converge and cause a line of cold rain and snow to dangle north-south across the Irish Sea.Santa Anas: hot, dry winds that blow from the deserts and mountains of inland California to the coast. A diagram which indicates the percentage of time the wind blows from various directions. Weather reports of wind express only the horizontal motion of the air. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. In the southern hemisphere, anticyclonic winds flow: In the northern hemisphere, cyclonic winds flow: Instead of the air flowing straight out of a high pressure system, it spirals out in a clockwise direction. The predominant summer wind direction is in favor of the batter. National Geographic Environment: Wind Power, National Geographic Environment: Harness the Power of Wind. This will give scientists new ways to keep an eye on wind. Gone with the LooThere are dozens of names for winds that blow through specific regions. The Coriolis force is zero at the Equator. In addition to tropical depressions and tropical storms, there are five categories of hurricanes. In fact, another name for the Antarctic Circumpolar Current is the West Wind Drift. Gases move from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas. (In the Southern Hemisphere, low-pressure systems will be on your right. How does this produce precipitation, and where? Even people do it! Wind turbines have a tall tubular tower with two or three propeller-like blades rotating at the top. Figure 22. D) difference between the highest and lowest recorded pressure at any one weather station, B) balloon ascent from sea level to 3 miles. The devastation and inconvenience led urban leaders to invest in the creation of the first subway system in the U.S., which opened in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1897. You would expect vertical airflow in a cyclone to result in: You would expect vertical airflow in an anticyclone to result in: High air pressure zones are usually associated with: If "fair" weather is approaching, the pressure tendency would probably be: Consider the pressure data recorded at Albany International Airport on September 27, 2011. Landforms, processes, and impacts of wind are called Aeolian landforms, processes, and impacts.Differences in atmospheric pressure generate winds. Skyscrapers must account for this increased wind by having a stronger foundation or being engineered to safely sway with the wind.The amount of force that wind is generating is measured according to the Beaufort scale. The pressure gradient force does not change, however, so the balance of the three forces in play at the surface is slightly more in favor of the pressure gradient. The wind can also pick up massive amounts of sand and sandblast rock formations into stunning sculptures. Morakot devastated the entire island of Taiwan, with winds of about 140 kph (85 mph). In 1857, Dutch meteorologist Christoph Buys Ballot formulated a law about geostrophic winds: When you stand with your back to the wind in the Northern Hemisphere, low pressure is always to your left. Wind is caused by differences of pressure in the Earth's atmosphere. T/F:The speed of the wind at a place is primarily determined by the barometric pressure at that place. Click here to download the 11x17 inch poster! Friction: Occurs when air molecules drag along the rough surface of the Earth, but decreases as height above the surface increases. The wettest typhoon ever recorded was Typhoon Morakot in 2009. A) wind direction (t/f), Cyclones are characterized by converging surface winds and rising air. Click here to download this video (1920x1080, 107 MB, video/mp4). Wind shear is higher near the coast, for example. Which of the following statements regarding Hurricane Frances and Typhoon Songda is correct? Figure 21. This, as you well know, is a flow from high pressure to low pressure. The National Hurricane Center issues hurricane watches for storms that may endanger communities, and hurricane warnings for storms that will reach land within 24 hours.CyclonesCyclones blow through the Indian Ocean in the same way hurricanes blow across the Atlantic. During the winter, land cools more quickly than the ocean. Choose t=1.5st=1.5 \mathrm{~s}t=1.5s. Why are you more likely to get a static shock to your finger than to your whole hand? This downdraft is a tornado.Depending on the temperature and moisture of the air, a tornado can last a few minutes or over an hour. This is the kind of information GOES-16 collects about wind showing the direction and speed of wind vectors. lines connecting points of equal air pressure. The warm air over the ocean rises, allowing cool land-air to flow in.Most winter monsoons are cool and dry, while summer monsoons are warm and moist. Hurricaneforce winds, 74 mph or more, can destroy buildings and mobile homes. (t/f). Many wind farms have been established on mountains, in valleys, and offshore, as the air from the ocean interacts with land-air.Some people think wind turbines are ugly and complain about the noise they make.
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